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''Arx'' is a Latin word meaning "citadel". In the ancient city of Rome, the ''arx'' was located on the northern spur of the Capitoline Hill, and is sometimes specified as the ''Arx Capitolina''. ==History== At Rome, sentries were traditionally posted on the ''Arx'' to watch for signals displayed on the Janiculum if an enemy approached.〔Cassius Dio 37.28.〕 A red flag would be raised〔Livy 4.18.6 and 39.15.11; Festus 103; Macrobius 1.16.15; Servius, note to ''Aeneid'' 8.1.〕 and a trumpet blown.〔Varro 6.92.〕 The ''Arx'' was not regularly garrisoned, however, and should not be regarded as a "fort." However, in the Gallic siege of Rome (387 BC), the ''Arx'' was considered the point of last retreat, the capture of which was synonymous with the capture of the city. It thus held a symbolic power beyond its importance in military strategy, and was a central place in archaic Roman religion. In the early Republic, some patricians were permitted to live on the ''Arx'', among them Titus Tatius. After 384 BC, the Senate banned all private dwellings from the ''Arx'' and the rest of the Capitolium. The house of Marcus Manlius Capitolinus, a patrician champion of the ''plebs'', was torn down at this time and became the site of the Temple of Juno Moneta. On the ''Arx'' was located the auguraculum, the open space where the augurs conducted the rituals that determined whether the gods approved of whatever undertaking was at hand, public business or military action. This auguraculum was the stone where the elected monarch, during the Roman Kingdom, was seated by the augurs with his face to the south.〔William Ramsay, ("An Elementary Manual of Roman Antiquities" ), (Griffin, 1859, from Harvard University), p. 64.〕 Major temples on the ''Arx'' include that of Juno Moneta (established 344 BC), where the mint was located; Concordia (217 BC); Honor and Virtue;〔This was the ''Aedes Honoris et Virtutis'' built by Gaius Marius, to be distinguished from the Temple of Honor and Virtue near the Porta Capena.〕 and Vediovis. Jupiter, however, was the god of the ''Arx''.〔Jerzy Linderski, "The Augural Law", ''Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt'' II.16 (1986), p. 2226, note 312, and 2291.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Arx (Roman)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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